PREPOSITION OF TIME

Chenan Africa • 2 décembre 2018

PREPOSITION OF TIME

Prepositions need to be learnt in context with the other words that they’re used with. Trying to understand why we say “in the car” and “on the bus” will only end in tears and frustrations!

By learning the phrase “in the car” together, all together, will make it easier to remember it and also to get it right every time.

AT

 Use “at” for very specific times. Clock times for example.

The train arrives at 3:30.
The game will start at 5:30.
I’ll be there at noon or at dawn

All of these words refer to specific time but we can also use “at” with other specific times of the day, like:

Kofi doesn’t like eating at night.
I’m going shopping at lunchtime
Let’s talk about the weeding at dinner tonight.

NB: We also say AT the moment, AT night. 

 IN

 This preposition of time is used to discuss months, seasons, years, centuries, general times of day, and longer periods of time such as “in the past.”

 I was born in 1943
He’ll visit my brother in October.
He grew up in Cotonou

NB: We say In the morning , in the afternoon , in the evening BUT at night .

We can also use “in” to explain when something will happen in the future.

I’ll be done in five minutes.
He’s gone away but he’ll be back in a week
You can move out in twenty days.

 ON

In English we can use this preposition for specific descriptions of time. Most commonly with days of the week and parts of the week.

 We are having an exam on  Monday morning.
My birthday is on  the 11th of December
We're coming to your house on Christmas day.

 NB:  When you’re talking about festivals and about special periods of time, you can use “ at ”.

Are you going home at Christmas?

So that’s talking about the time around Christmas NOT Christmas day.

If you’re referring to the specific day, you need to use “on”.

On Christmas Day.
On New Year’s Eve.
What are you doing on New Year’s Day?
What are you doing at New Year’s?

When you use at New Year's, you're referring to the period of time around the New Year holiday.


On the weekend: is more common in American English
At the weekend: is more common in British English.

BY

You can use “by” with the end time of an activity.It means no later than. So when you use "by" with a specific time, it can mean on or before that time.

You have to submit your homework by Wednesday. This example means that you can submit your homework on Monday, Tuesday and Wednesday. Not later than that.

RECAP:

  • “At” is generally used in reference to specific times on the clock or points of time in the day.
  • “In” generally refers to longer periods of time.
  • “On” is used with dates and named days.
  • “By” is used with times and named days of the week, but specifically, telling us an end time.

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Prepositions of movement show movement from one place to another place . These prepositions always describe movement and we usually use them with verbs of motion . The most common preposition of movement is the preposition to , which describes movement in the direction of something, for example: How do you go to school? He drove From Nigeria to Ghana. Nobody came to the party Prepositions of Movement list Here is a list of the most common prepositions of movement, with example sentences for each one: across : movement from one side to the other side of something It took us three days to drive across the desert. The dog ran across the road and nearly got hit by a car. around : movement passing something in a curved route, not going through it A big dog was sleeping on the floor so she had to walk around it. They walked around the town for an hour. away from : indicating the point where a movement begins The mouse ran away from the cat and escaped. down : movement from a higher point to a lower point of something They ran down the hill to the stream below. He climbed down the ladder to the bottom of the well. from : indicating the point where a movement begins We flew from Bangkok to London. The police took my driving licence from me. into : movement to an enclosed space; movement resulting in physical contact He got into the car and closed the door. The car crashed into the wall. off : movement away from (and often down from) something Please take your papers off my desk. The wineglass fell off the table and shattered on the floor. on to , onto : movement to the top surface of something They went up on to the stage. Move the kettle onto the counter. out of : indicating the enclosed space where a movement begins Take your hands out of your pockets and help me! He went out of the room to smoke a cigarette. over : movement above and across the top or top surface of something We are flying over the mountains. The cat jumped over the wall. past : movement from one side to the other side of something We could see children in the playground as we drove past the school. We gave the marathoners water as they ran past us. to : movement in the direction of something Could you give this to Kob please? Does this train go to London? through | thru (AmE): movement in one side and out of the other side of something The train goes through a tunnel under the hill. Hey! You just went thru a red light! towards | toward (mostly AmE): movement in the direction of something The night sky got brighter as they drove toward the city. At last she could recognize the person coming towards her. under : movement directly below something The mouse ran under the chair. Submarines can travel under water. up : movement from a lower point to a higher point of something Jack and Jill ran up the hill. The boat takes two hours going up the river and one hour coming down.
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